This book was in use probably in the 1920s in the school in Port Felix
This chart may prove useful, as sometimes when looking at old documents,
there are units of measurement mentioned, which are unfamiliar to us now.


ARTIHMETIC - BOOK II
Smith & Roberts
W.J. Gage & Company Limited
(pages 290 - 294)
click to view larger

APPENDIX
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES FOR REFERENCE

Avoirdupois Weight
16 drams (dr) = 1 ounce or 1 oz.
16 ounces = 1 pound or 1 lb.
100 pounds = 1 hundredweight, 1 cental or 1 cwt
20 hundredweight = 1 ton or 1 T.
Note. - In Great Britain 112 lbs. make a hundredweight, and 2240 lbs. make a ton, called the long ton.

Fluid Measure - Medicine
60 drops = 1 dram
8 drams = 1 fluid ounce
20 ounces = 1 pint
8 pints = 1 gallon
1 dram = 1 teaspoonful
2 drams = 1 dessertspoonful
4 drams = 1 tablespoonful

Long Measure
12 inches (in.) = 1 foot or 1 ft.
3 feet = 1 yard or 1 yd.
50 yards * = 1 rod or 1 rd.
40 rods = 1 furlong or 1 fur.
8 furlongs = 1 mile or 1 mi.
1 mi. = 320 rd. = 1760 yd. = 5280 ft. = 80 chains
Note. - Gunter's chain is used in measuring land. It is 22 yards in length, and is divided into 100 links, each link being 7.92 inches long.
Note. - 6 feet......... 1 fathom
120 fathoms... 1 cable length
880 fathoms.... 1 mile
Note. - The hand (the breadth of the hand and thumb) used in measuring the height of horses at the shoulder is 4 inches.
* 50 was crossed out and 5 1/2 was written in in pencil.

Surface Measure
144 square inches (sq. in.) = square foot or 1 sq. ft.
9 square feet = square yard or 1 sq. yd.
300** square yards = 1 square rod or 1 sq. rd.
160 square rods = 1 acre or 1 A.
640 acres
= 1 square mile
or 1 sq. mi.
Note. - 10,000 sqaure links = 1 square chain
10 square chains = 4840 sq. yds. = 1 acre
160 A. = a quarter-section land
640 A. = a whole section land or 1 sq. mi.
320 A. = a half-section land
36 sections = 1 township (tp.)
** 300 is crossed out and 30 1/4 is written in in pencil.

Cubic, or Solid Measure
1728 cubic inches (cu. in.) = 1 cubic foot or 1 cu. ft.
27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard or 1 cu. yd.
128 cubic feet = 1 cord or 1 cd.

Measure of Capacity
2 pints (pt.) = 1 quart or 1 qt.
4 quarts = 1 gallon or 1 gal.
2 gallons = 1 peck or 1 pk.
4 pecks = 1 bushel or 1 bu.
pencilled in 32 qts = 1 Bushel
1 cu. ft. of water weighs 1000 oz. and contains 6 1/4 gal.
The following table shows the weight of a bushel of the article named:
Lime 80 lbs. Rye

56 lbs.
Bituminous coal 70 lbs Flax seed

56 lbs.
Beans 60 lbs. Onions 50 lbs.
Clover seed 60 lbs. Barley

48 lbs.
Peas 60 lbs. Buckwheat 48 lbs.
Potatoes 60 lbs. Timothy seed 48 lbs.
Turnips 60 lbs. Hemp seed 44 lbs.
Carrots 60 lbs. Castor beans 40 lbs.
Parsnips 60 lbs. Malt 36 lbs.
Beets 60 lbs. Oats 34 lbs.
Wheat 60 lbs. Blue grass seed

14 lbs.
Indian corn 56 lbs.

Measure of Time
60 seconds (sec.) = 1 minute or 1 min.
60 minutes = 1 hour or 1 hr.
24 hours = 1 day or 1 da.
7 days = 1 week or 1 wk.
12 calendar months or 365 days = 1 year or 1 yr.
366 days = 1 leap year  

Circular or Angular Measure
60 seconds ( " ) = 1 minute or 1 '
60 minutes = 1 degree or 1 °
360 degrees = 1 circumference or 1 C

English or Sterling Money
4 farthings = 1 penny or 1d.
12 pence = 1 shilling or 1s.
20 shillings = 1 pound or £1
20 hundredweight = 1 ton or 1 T.
Note. - £1 sterling = $4.86 2/3, and 1s. = 24 1/3 cents.
1 guinea = 21 shillings

Miscellaneous Table
12 units = 1 dozen or 1 doz.
12 dozen = 1 gross or 1 gro.
12 gross = 1 great gross  
20 units = 1 score or 1 sco.
24 sheets = 1 quire or 1 qr.
20 quires = 1 ream or 1 rm.
196 lbs. flour = 1 barrel or 1 bbl.
200 lbs. porl = 1 barrel

or 1 bbl.
Freezing point of water, on Fahrenheit scale, 32° above zero.
Boiling point of water, under a pressure of 760 mm., 212°F.
A board foot is 12 in. x 12 in. x 1 in.
A bunch of shingles contains 250. A thousand shingles are reckoned to cover 100 sq. ft.
Light travels at the rate of 186,000 mi. a second.
Sound travels in the air at the rate of 11 ft. a second
An imperial gallon contains 277.274 cu.in.
The wine gallon contains 231 cu. in. 6 wine gallons = 5 standard gallons.
A bushel contains 8 imperial gallons.
The long ton is used in the United States custom houses and in wholesale transactions in iron and coal.
Atmospheric pressure. At the level of the sea the pressure of the atmosphere is about 14.7 lbs. per square inch.
The barometer. The column of mercury falls about an inch for each 1000 ft. of ascent.
A brick is 8 in. long, 4 in. wide, and 2 in. thick. About 22 bricks and the mortar will fill 1 cu. ft.
A lath is 4 ft. long and 1 1/2 in. wide. They are usually left 3/8 in. apart when nailed. There are 50 laths in a bunch. A bunch will cover 3 sq. yd. of surface.
Wall paper in America is 18 in. wide and is put up in double rolls 16 yds. long. English wall paper is usually 21 in. wide.

 

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